Part B: The
Verb
16. Number Prefix - / dá / and Adverbial
Prefixes, Class I
The prefix dá always occurs immediately
after the following Class I adverbial prefixes:
| ná |
nátser |
‘He
is strong’ |
| |
narátser |
‘They
(pl) are strong’ |
| há |
háyüluth |
‘He
pulled it out’ |
| |
háyehüluth |
‘They
(pl) pulled it out’ |
| ha |
hathíl¿q |
‘We
(2) have it’ |
| |
hathíøya |
‘We
(pl) have it’ |
| yá |
yálgus |
‘He
is jumping’ |
| |
yarálgus |
'They (pl)
are jumping’ |
| ní |
níyanílti |
‘We
(2) stutter’ |
| |
nídáyanílti |
‘We
(pl) stutter’ |
| da |
dathít´ |
‘We
(2) set it’ |
| |
dadáthit´ |
‘We
(pl) set it’ |
| ní |
níthíjq |
‘We
(2) are full grown’ |
| |
nídáníjq |
‘We
(pl) are full grown’ |
| edí |
edíníju |
‘We
(2) are chasing it away’ |
| |
edídáníníju |
‘We
(pl) are chasing it away’ |
| Æá |
Æóril¿a |
‘We
are taking our time’ |
| |
Æádóreø¿a |
‘we
(pl) are taking our time’ |
| Cvá |
Cvóríl¿ü |
‘we
are making faces’ |
| |
Cvádóreø¿ü |
‘we
are (pl) making faces’ |
| Tßé |
tßíltuí |
‘we
are smoking’ |
| |
tßédáhíltuí |
‘we
are (pl) smoking’ |
| Se |
Senay®lá |
‘he/she
fixed it’ |
| |
Sedánay®lá |
‘they
(pl) fixed it’ |
| Tí |
tínínínju |
‘We
are chasing him/her out’ |
| |
tídáníníju |
‘we
are (pl) chasing him/her out' |
| Dzé |
Dzéniju |
‘we
are chasing him/her around’ |
| |
Dzédániju |
‘we
(pl) are chasing him/her around’ |
| Daghe |
Daghéhíl¿a |
‘we
are laying on our backs’ |
| |
Daghédáhíl¿a |
‘we
(pl) are laying on our backs’ |
| Doghá |
Dogháhíþá |
‘we
are hanging it up’ |
| |
Doghádáhíþá |
‘we
(pl) are hanging it up’ |
| A,á,q,ä |
qnaþe |
he/she is
finished’ |
| A,á,q,ä |
adánaþe |
‘they
(pl) are finished’ |
|
The
class I adverbial prefixes listed above always occur
first in the verb. Some meanings are easily discovered
such as ha’out of’ yá ‘up’.
The meanings of some others of these adverbial prefixes
are not so easily discerned. |
These
prefixes, if present, will occur first in the verb, but
this may be qualified by the presence of a pronoun and postposition
combination, or even just a postposition, which sometimes
is fused to the first of the verb.
If
there is a pronoun and postposition construction present,
whether fused to the verb or not, the prefix dá always
occurs following the postposition.
| deæewuþer |
‘Let’s
(2) untie it’ |
| deæedáwuþer |
‘Let’s
(pl) untie it’ |
or |
| eghálana |
‘He
is working’ |
| eghádálana |
‘They
(pl) are working’ |
or |
| yekáneta |
‘He
is looking for him’ |
| yekádáneta |
‘They
(pl) are looking for him’ |
If these prefixes
are not present, the prefix dá will occur at the
first of the verb.
| delgaí |
‘It
is white’ |
| dáregaí |
‘They
are white’ |
or |
| nakí |
‘He
is going’(on water) |
| dánahekí |
‘They
(pl) are going’ |
Note that plural prefix dá occurring between two
syllables irregularly becomes rá
, as in narálzé
‘They (pl) are hunting’. Note also that prefix
dá , when followed or preceded by prefix ho or hu
becomes do.
